高效弓箭捕杀鼢鼠技术

采用古代兵器弓箭、弩弓的射杀原理，改造自制成高效弓箭(GXGJ)，结合鼢鼠的生活习性和危害规律捕杀鼢鼠，简单、易行，捕杀准确率在95％以上。     

半干旱地区八种杨树无性系间苗期净光合速率变化的研究*

辽宁省建平县半干旱地区不同来源的８种杨树无性系净光合速率（Ｐｎ）达到了显著和极显著的差异水平，无性系间的净光合速率可分为高中低三个类群，即：昭林场６号、群众杨、赤峰杨３４号、欧症状杨４７、小黑肠、小青杨、帝国杨５１号、欧美杨６４。具高光合速率的昭林场６号，受光量作用大，但受湿度、空气蒸汽压影响小，适应于具有干热天气的半干旱地区；而低光合类群的三个无性系则不同，其中欧美杨６４一直与光、湿度和蒸汽压的     

寄主植物对舞毒蛾生长发育的影响

该文选择了青杨Populus cathayanaRehd.、华北落叶松Larix principis-rupprechtiiMayr.和山杏Aarmeniaca sibiricaLinn.,研究植物对舞毒蛾Lymantria disparL.生长发育历期、蛹重、产卵量的影响。结果表明舞毒蛾发育历期、蛹重及产卵量与所取食的寄主植物有明显的相关性,取食华北落叶松的舞毒蛾个体发育历期最短,平均为38.22±0.56 d,蛹最重,平均为1.48±0.09g,产卵量最多,平均每雌560.65±41.67粒;取食青杨的舞毒蛾发育历期最长,平均为46.68±0.65 d,蛹最轻,平均为1.17±0.08 g,产卵量最少,平均每雌315.47±49.07粒;取食山杏的舞毒蛾间于二者之间,平均历期为39.53±0.58 d,平均蛹重为1.24±0.08 g,每雌产卵量394.50±58.65粒。可以认为,在供试范围内华北落叶松最适宜舞毒蛾生长发育,山杏次之,青杨最不适宜。     

生态园林中的植物造景

阐述了生态园林的概念和科学内涵,并结合植物景观设计要求,提出生态园林中植物配置的原则,详细论述了生态型造景的类型及产生的效益,并提出植物配置时应注意的问题,以期为生态园林建设提供帮助.     

Tillage Effects on Crop Yield and Physicochemical Properties of Sodic Soils

Tillage modifies soil structure and has been suggested as a practice to improve physical, hydrological and chemical properties of compacted soils. But little is known about effect of long‐term tillage on physicochemical soil properties and crop yield on sodic soils in India. Our objective was to investigate the effect of different tillage regimes on crop yield (wheat and paddy rice) and physicochemical properties of sodic soils. Two sodic sites under conventional tillage for 5 (5‐YT; 5‐year tillage) and 9 (9‐YT; 9‐year tillage) years were selected for this study. Changes in crop yield and physicochemical soil properties were compared with a control, sodic land without any till history, that is, 0‐year tillage/untilled (0‐YT). Five replicated samples at 0‐ to 10‐cm and 10‐ to 20‐cm soils depths were analysed from each site. In the top, 0‐ to 10‐cm soil depth 5‐YT and 9‐YT sites had higher particle density (Pd), porosity, water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity, organic carbon, total nitrogen (N_t), available nitrogen (N_avail), phosphorus (P_avail) and exchangeable calcium (Exch. Ca⁺⁺) than 0‐YT, whereas bulk density (Bd), C : N ratio and CaCO₃ were significantly lower. Bd, pH, EC and CaCO₃ increased significantly with depth in all the lands, whereas Pd, porosity, water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity, organic carbon, N_t, N_avail, P_avail and Exch. Ca⁺⁺ decreased. We conclude that continuous tillage and cropping can be useful for physical and chemical restoration of sodic soils. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multi‐temporal Digital Photogrammetric Analysis for Quantitative Assessment of Soil Erosion Rates in the Landola Catchment of the Upper Orcia Valley (Tuscany,Italy)

This paper focuses on the analysis of the slope and catchment erosion dynamics in a typical Mediterranean context and its sensitivity to recent climatic and socio‐economic changes. The main objective of the present study is to test the reliability of digital photogrammetric analysis to evaluate the time and space evolution of erosion processes mainly triggered by surface running waters and landslides for about the last 60 years. The selected test area is the Landola catchment, a minor tributary of the Upper Orcia River Valley (Southern Tuscany). The Upper Orcia valley is a key site for the comprehension of denudation processes typically acting in Mediterranean badland areas thanks to the following: (i) the availability of long‐lasting erosion monitoring datasets (20 years' long direct measurements at erosion ‘hot spots’); (ii) its representativeness as a sub‐humid Mediterranean badland area; and (iii) the rapidity of development of erosion processes, which makes it suitable as an open‐air laboratory for the study of badland dynamics. The outputs of this work highlight that the application of high‐resolution digital photogrammetric methodologies can represent a powerful and low‐cost tool to evaluate rates and spatial–temporal distribution of denudation processes, as confirmed by the validation through field point monitoring in areas close to the study area. The results obtained for the study area confirm that high erosion rates are a persistent environmental problem for the Upper Orcia Valley, which is not solved up to now, despite various land conservation interventions. The performed multi‐temporal analysis shows a slight decrease in the average water erosion rate during the last 60 years and a parallel increase in the frequency of mass wasting events. These variations are most likely related to a complex interplay between land use changes that have affected the study area during the studied period, revealing a very delicate equilibrium between farming activities and erosion processes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antimicrobial activity of Newtonia hildebrandtii

Successive petroleum ether, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Newtonia hildebrandtii stem bark were tested in vitro for their antifungal and antibacterial activity. The methanol extract was found to be the most effective against the tested pathogens.     

捕食性昆虫螨类及蜘蛛的捕食作用

文章综述了昆虫、螨类及蜘蛛捕食作用研究的近况，重点介绍了昆虫及捕食性螨类和蜘蛛的捕食功能反应，血清学法研究捕食作用的概况，分析了ELISA法的优缺点，并总结了捕食作用的研究现状，指出了面临的问题及发展方向。     

应用松褐天牛引诱剂进行林间监测技术的研究

本文就应用松褐天牛ＭｏｎｏｃｈａｍｕｓａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｕｓＨｏｐｅ引诱剂监测松褐天牛在林间的种群密度、成虫携带松材线虫Ｂｕｒｓａｐｈｅｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｘｙｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ（ＳｔｅｉｎｅｒｅｔＢｕｈｒｅｒ）Ｎｉｃｋｌｅ病原状况进行了探讨。结果表明：在松材线虫病病区外围设置引诱剂能及时发现松褐天牛携带松材线虫病原及扩散的区域。按１０００ｍ２设置１个诱捕器的网格状布局，该引诱剂的诱捕率为１８．９３％     

三种杀虫剂对橄榄星室木虱的控制作用

应用生命表方法分析吡虫啉、木虱净、稻虱净3种化学农药对橄榄星室木虱的控制效果。结果表明：吡虫啉、木虱净、稻虱净和对照的种群趋势指数分别为0．4148，0．8328，4．9908，6．3925。说明吡虫啉和木虱净处理区的橄榄星室木虱种群数量呈下降趋势，稻虱净和对照区的橄榄星室木虱种群数量以4．9908和6．3925倍的速度增长；吡虫啉、木虱净和稻虱净的干扰作用控制指数分别为0．0649，0．1303和0．7807。表明吡虫啉和木虱净施用区种群数量相当于对照区的6．49％和13．03％，取得了很好的防治效果；稻虱净施用区种群数量是对照的78．07％，不是防治橄榄星室木虱的理想药剂。